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Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a form of cancer that affects the prostate, a gland located under the bladder in men. It is one of the most common forms of cancer in men, with a high incidence, especially in individuals over the age of 50.

Risk factors

Prostate cancer can be affected by several risk factors, including:

  • Age: Age is a significant risk factor, with a significantly higher incidence in men over 50.
  • Family History: Individuals with first-degree relatives with prostate cancer are at increased risk of developing it.
  • Ethnicity: Men of African descent have a higher risk than other ethnicities.
  • Diet: Some studies suggest that a diet high in saturated fat or obesity may increase the risk.

Symptoms

Prostate cancer in its early stages may not present any apparent symptoms. Very often, the suspicion that a person may have this disease results from a blood test demonstrating an altered PSA. However, as the disease progresses, symptoms such as:

  • Difficulty urinating;
  • Frequent urination, especially at night;
  • Blood in urine or semen;
  • Pain in the lower back, hip, or thighs.

Diagnosis

Early diagnosis of prostate cancer is essential for effective treatment. We know that the neoplasm is treatable when asymptomatic or when the PSA values ​​are high but not very high. The following diagnostic procedures are standard:

  • PSA Blood Test: measures the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood;
  • Rectal examination: consists of manually examining the prostate through the anus;
  • Biopsy: Takes samples of prostate tissue for analysis in the laboratory.

Treatments

Treatment options depend on the stage and severity of prostate cancer and may include:

  • Active Surveillance: regular monitoring of the disease state without immediate intervention;
  • Surgery: surgical removal of the prostate (prostatectomy);
  • Radiotherapy: using high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells;
  • Hormone Therapy: reduction of testosterone levels to slow tumor growth;
  • Chemotherapy: using drugs to destroy cancer cells.

Prevention

While some risk factors for prostate cancer, such as age and family history, cannot be changed, you can take some steps to reduce your risk of developing the disease. Read this post to learn more about prevention.

Conclusion

Prostate cancer is a common disease among men, but with early diagnosis and proper treatment, it is possible to manage the disease and improve the prospect of recovery effectively. Men must be aware of the risk factors, symptoms, and available treatment options and undergo regular screening tests to manage their prostate health better.