Bladder catheterization

Bladder catheterization is a common medical procedure used to empty the bladder. It involves inserting a thin tube, called a catheter, through the urethra into the bladder. Once properly positioned, the catheter allows urine to be drained. This procedure can be temporary or permanent, depending on the patient's medical needs.

Types of Bladder Catheterization

There are different types of bladder catheterization, including:

• Intermittent catheterization: This involves the temporary insertion of a catheter to empty the bladder when the patient cannot do so independently. It is often used in individuals with bladder emptying issues, such as those with spinal cord injuries or multiple sclerosis.
• Permanent catheterization: In this case, the catheter, although replaced monthly, remains in place for long periods, sometimes for the patient's entire life. It is used for chronic bladder emptying problems or when normal bladder emptying is not possible.

When Bladder Catheterization is Necessary

Bladder catheterization may be required for various conditions, including:

• Acute or chronic urinary retention
• Precise monitoring of urine output in critically ill patients
• After surgeries involving the urinary system

How Bladder Catheterization is Performed

The process of bladder catheterization varies depending on the type of catheter and the patient's clinical situation. However, it generally includes the following steps:

1. Preparation: The patient is placed in a comfortable position, and the genital area is sterilized.
2. Insertion of the catheter: The catheter is gently inserted into the urethra and guided into the bladder.
3. Bladder drainage: Once properly positioned, the catheter is used to empty the bladder either temporarily (intermittent catheterization) or continuously (permanent catheterization, with monthly replacement).
4. Removal of the catheter (for intermittent catheterization): After completing the procedure, the catheter is gently removed.

Complications of Bladder Catheterization

Although bladder catheterization is generally safe, some complications may occur, including urinary tract infections, urethral or bladder injuries, bleeding, and allergic reactions to catheter materials. It is important to report any symptoms of complications to a doctor promptly.